Edouard martin



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. MARTIN. MANUFACTURE OF WIRE.

No. 410,368. Patented Sept. 3, 1889.

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EDOUARD MARTIN,

MAN U FACTU PATENT OFFICE.

OF PARIS, FRANCE.

RE OF WIRE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 410,368, dated September 3, 1889. Application filed July 30, 1889. Serial No. 319,137. (No model.) Patented in France April 7, 1885, No. 168,133; in Belgium October 30, 1885, No. 70,665,- in England November 2, 1885,

No. 13,207; in Italy December 17,1885,XIX, 19,074, VIII, 51;

in Spain March 6, 1886, No. 5,431, and in Austria-Hungary July 2, 1886, No. 9,804 and No. 32,977.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDOUARD MARTIN, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing in Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Wire, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is covered by patents in France, dated April 7, 1885, No. 168,133; in Italy, granted December 17 1885, N 0. 19,074, Reg. Gen.,Vol. 19, and No.51, Vol. 8, Reg. Att.; Belgium, dated October 30, 1885, No. 70,665; England, dated November 2, 1885, No. 13,207; Austria-Hungary, granted July 2, 1886, No. (Vienna) 9,804; No. (Buda-Pesth) 32,977, and Spain, granted March 6, 1886, No. 5,431.

This invention relates to the manufacture of bimetallic wire having a core or heart of hard or dense metal, as iron or steel, and an exterior coating or envelope of relatively soft ductile metal. Such compound wire presents the advantages that the superficial oxidation of the iron is prevented, and that in the case of wire used as electric conductors the conductivity is greater than that of iron wire, while the strength is in excess of that of copper wire. Heretofore many attempts have been made to manufacture such bimetallic wire; but the results have been unsatisfactory, because a sufficiently perfect adhesion or cohesion has not been obtained between the interior iron forming the core and the copper which forms the exterior covering. In order that the bimetallic conductor shall be really advantageous, it is necessary that this condition shall be satisfied, and, furthermore, that the exterior metal shall have an absolutely uniform thickness over the entire length of the wire. This last condition is indispensable in wires which are to serve as electric conductors. The process that I have invented for obtaining this result consists in operating in the manner following: Let us suppose that it is required to manufacture wires with a core of iron or steel and an exterior envelope of copper or other metal more ductile than that constituting the core. According to my invention, I cast or otherwise suitably apply around a rod of iron or steel destined to constitute the core a sleeve or tubular envelope of the copper or other metal which is destined to form the exterior coating. This sleeve or envelope, however, covers only a portion of the length of the central rod. The compound rod thus formed is then drawn out to reduce it to the proper diameter for the wire, preferably by passing it between drawing-rolls and in alternately-opposite directions at the successive drawings. The exterior envelope, being more ductile than the central rod, is elongated to a greater extent by the drawing process, and eventually covers nearly or quite the entire length of the rod.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a vertical transverse section, and Fig. 3 a horizontal transverse section, of the mold employed for casting the copper envelope around the iron rod. Fig. 4- is an elevation of one of the halves of this mold, and Fig. 5 is a plan representing the two halves of the mold. Fig. 6 is a plan of a reheating-furnace; Fig. 7, a plan of a roughingmill or first drawing-rolls, and Fig. 8 a plan of a differential finisher-train or rolling-mill.

The two parts A and B constituting the mold are held together by the ring 0 and wedges D D driven between the two halfmolds and the ring. This mold, which is of cast-iron, is placed on a plate E, also of castiron, which forms the cover of a pit F and constitutes the bottom of the mold, being formed with a projecting boss a, fitting into the bottom half of the molds A and B. The rod 1), of iron or steel, which is destined to form the core of the bimetallic wire, is passed through the central hole in the bossain such manner as to rest on a suitable support G beneath, and to emerge or project out of the mold preferably to equal distances both above and be low. The copper is poured into the mold around the rod 1) to form the envelope (2. Instead of being arranged at the middle of the length of the central rod, the copper might be at one end or at the other, or more or less near to one end or the other. After taking it from the mold the rod is covered for a part of its length with an envelope of copper, and as these two metals draw diiferently, because of their different ductility, I obtain, after passing it through the successive drawing-rollers in alternately-opposite directions, a wire consisting of a core of iron or steel covered with copper over its entire length. For this drawing I eniploya reheating-oven I, Fig. 6, a blooming or roughing mill or drawingrollers K, Fig. '7, and a difierential finisher-train L, Fig. 8. The two drawing-rolls K and L are both driven by one steam-engine M. The arrow in Fig. 8 indicates the course taken by the rod or wire in" envelope of more ductile metal, and then drawing out the compound rod thus formed to re duce it to the diameter of the wire.

2. Covering the rod which is to constitute the core for a part only of its length with an envelope of more ductile metal, and then drawing out the compound rod thus formed by passing it in alternately-opposite directions through successive drawing-rolls to reduce it to the diameter of the Wire.

3. Casting on the rod which is to constitute the core for a part only of its length an envelope of more ductile metal, and then drawing out the compound rod thus formed to reduce it to the diameter of the Wire.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDOUARD MARTIN. WVitnesses:

MICHEL CoQUAR'r, R. J. PRESTON. 

